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FREE Studying Medicine(MBBS)
in the Federal Republic of Germany
General Aspects
According to the Constitution the control of the health
services in the Federal Republic of Germany is the task of state
institutions. Highest authority is the government, represented
by the Minister of Adolescents, Family, Women and Health ( Minister
für Jug end, Familie, Frauen und Gesundheit ), which is assisted
by the federal state governments, represented by the respective
health ministers, which supervises the training in different medical
and paramedical specialities.The different study courses lead
to state examinations that have been laid down according the same
regulations. In addition, this authority controls the whole of
the health services in the Federal Republic of Germany. However,
this principle includes that the individual has as much freedom
as possible regarding medical studies. The fact that the course
of medical studies is laid down in the Regulations for Registration
(Approbationsordnung) for physicians leaves the universities with
only very little possible flexibility as regards alterations and
complementation of the curriculum.
In the 'Approbationsordnung' is laid down:
1. |
that
a minimum of six years of studies is compulsory. A minimum
of 2 years of preclinical studies and a minimum of 4 years
of clinical studies and training at a university institution
is necessary. |
2. |
that after having
finished the university studies an education period of at
least 18 months as 'Arzt/Ärztin im Praktikum' (AiP)
at an accredited hospital has to be completed. |
3. |
that after having
met the two requirements above, or after having achieved
equivalent, acknowledgeable results outside of the FRG any
possible applicant of medicine from any of the EC Member
States - if he/she has a good command of German, and is
physically as well as mentally in good health and is no
addict - may apply for registration (Approbation).
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The health minister of the respective Federal State on behalf
of the Federal Ministry for Health (Bundesgesundheitsministerium)
reviews the applications. When the entitlement is available
to the health minister of the Federal State the registration
will be issued. The Registration entitles to practice medicine
in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Medical examinations can be repeated twice.
Structuring of Medical Studies
According to the Regulations for Registration (Approbationsordnung)
medical studies and training at university is subdivided into:
1. |
A preclinical
part of a minimum of 2 years of studies (4 half-year
semesters) and |
2. |
A clinical part of a
minimum of 4 years of studies (8 half-year semesters). |
Preclinical part
The preclinical part comprises the following compulsory courses:
1.Practical of Physics
2. Practical of Chemistry
3. Practical of Biology
4. Practical of Physiology
Seminar : Physiology
5. Course of Macroscopic Anatomy
Seminar : Anatomy
6. Course of Microscopic Anatomy
7. Practical of Biochemistry
Seminar : Biochemistry
8. Introduction to Clinical Medicine
9. Introduction to Medical Professions
10. Course of Medical Psychology
11. Course of Medical Terminology
12. Course of First Aid
13. Work as attendant in a hospital ( 2 months )
In addition to these courses
systematic and supplementary lectures are held which are not compulsory,
however, it is recommended to attend them. There is also an offer
of additional supplementary and more detailed seminars, lectures
and practical which are optional. The student can enter for the
preclinical examination (Ärztliche Vorprüfung) at the
respective examining board of the Federal State (Landesprüfungsamt)
at Homburg when he/she has regularly attended and successfully completed
all compulsory courses, has studied medicine for 4 semesters according
to the regulations, and, in addition, when he/she has done a course
of first aid as well as unpaid work as attendant in a hospital for
two months.
Preclinical examination ( Ärztliche Vorprüfung,
'Physikum' )
The preclinical examination is divided into a written
( multiple choice questions ) and an oral part. The written test
comprises all preclinical subjects, the oral part examines the field
of anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, medical psychology and medical
sociology.
Clinical Part
The clinical part takes 4 years (8 semesters) and is subdivided
into:
| 1. |
the clinical-theoretical
part (duration: 1 year = 2 semesters), |
| 2. |
the clinical-practical part (duration:
2 years = 4 semesters) and |
| 3. |
the clinical Practical Year (Praktisches
Jahr (PJ) ) lasting 1 year. |
Clinical part: Clinical-theoretical
part
The clinical-theoretical part comprises the following compulsory
courses:
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1. Course of General Pathology
2. Practical of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
3. Biomathematics
4. Course of General Clinical Examination in Non-operative
and
Operative Medical Specialties
5. Practical of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology
6. Course of Radiology
7. Course of General Pharmacology and Toxicology
8. Practical of First Medical Aid
In addition to these courses systematic
and supplementary lectures are given. These are not compulsory,
yet, it is recommended to attend them. A number of more detailed,
optional seminars, lectures and practical complement the offer.
First part of Medical Examination
In case the student has regularly attended all compulsory
courses of the clinical-theoretical part, completed them with
success and has studied clinical medicine for two semesters,
he/she can enter for the first part of medical examinations
(Erster Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung) at the
examining board of the Federal State. The student has to take
a written examination (Multiple choice test).
Clinical part: Clinical-practical
part
The clinical-practical part comprises the following
compulsory courses:
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1. Course of Special Pathology
2. Course of Special Pharmacology
3. Practical of Internal Medicine
4. Practical of Pediatrics
5. Practical of Dermatology and Dendrology
6. Practical of Urology
7. Practical of Surgery
8. Practical of Gynecology and Obstetrics
9. Practical of Orthopedics
10. Practical of Ophthalmology
11. Practical of Oto-rhino-laryngology
12. Practical of Neurology
13. Practical of Psychiatry
14. Practical of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy
15. Course of Ecology ( Hygienic, Forensic Medicine, Social
Medicine, Occupational Medicine )
16. Introductory Course to Problems of General Medicine
17. Practical of Emergency Medicine
Additionally, systematic and supplementary
lectures that are not compulsory but are recommended to be attended
will be offered. A number of more detailed and optional seminars,
lectures and practical complement the offer.
Second part of Medical Examination
The student can enter for the second part of the medical examination
(Zweiter Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung) at the
examining board of the Federal State after having attended regularly
all compulsory clinical courses mentioned above and after having
completed them successfully, after having passed the first part
of the clinical examinations, after having done an elective
period in an accredited medical institution for 4 months, and
after having studied clinical medicine for 6 semesters. The
examination consists of a written (Multiple choice) and an oral
part. When the student of medicine has passed the first and
second part of the medical examination, he/she is entitled to
do the Practical Year (Praktisches Jahr (PJ) ), i.e. to continue
the training in a hospital.
Clinical Part : Practical Year (
'PJ' )
The Practical Year ( Praktisches Jahr ) is divided into 3
parts:
1. |
four months of work on
a surgical ward |
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2. |
four months of work on a ward of internal medicine |
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3. |
four months of work on a ward of a specialty chosen
by the candidate |
Third part of Medical Examination
After the Practical Year, the student is entitled to enter
for the third part of medical examination ( Dritter Abschnitt
der Ärztlichen Prüfung ). This is an oral examination
( surgery, internal medicine, specialty chosen ).
If the student has passed all parts of clinical examinations,
he/she is entitled to work as Arzt/Ärztin im
Praktikum (AiP) for a period of 18 months. If he/she
is not doing a doctorate, he/she has completed medical studies
at university.
(If a medical doctorate is intended the ECTS-student
has to consult the Departmental Coordinators for further information’s.)
Example of a Regular Course of Medical
Studies at the University
In spite of the strict requirements of the Regulations for
Registration (Approbationsordnung) it is quite possible to
organize the different parts (preclinical part, clinical part/practical
year) of the study course more freely at the University of
Federal Republic of Germany. This implies that in cases where
special problems arise individual arrangements within the
bounds of possibility and after consultation with the Departmental
Coordinators can be made.
The following text gives a short description of a regular
course example of medical studies at the University of Federal
Republic of Germany.
Preclinical Part
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1st preclinical
semester ( winter semester )
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| Lectures: |
Chemistry
Physics
Biology/Genetics
Anatomical Propaedeutics
Sociology
Psychology |
| Practical: |
Chemistry
Biology (+ Genetics)
Medical Terminology
First Aid
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2nd preclinical
semester ( summer semester )
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| Lectures: |
Physiology I
Anatomy II
Anatomy III
Embryology
Biochemistry
Sociology
Psychology |
| Practical: |
Biochemistry I
Physics
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3rd preclinical semester ( winter
semester )
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| Lectures: |
Physiology II
Biochemistry |
| Practical: |
Macroscopic Anatomy ( Dissecting Course )
Biochemistry II
Seminar Biochemistry
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4th preclinical semester ( summer
semester )
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| Lectures: |
Physiology III
Histology/Microscopic Anatomy |
| Practical: |
Physiology
Seminar Physiology
Histology / Microscopic Anatomy
Seminar Anatomy
Medical Psychology
Introduction to Clinical Medicine
Introduction to Medical Professions
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Preclinical Examination Ärztliche Vorprüfung
Clinical Part : Clinical-theoretical
Part
With the exception of the courses and lectures 'General Pharmacology'
(only in the winter semester), and 'Special Pharmacology'
(only in the summer semester) all other courses and lectures
are offered both in winter and summer.
| 1st clinical semester
( winter semester ) |
| Lectures: |
General Pathology
General Pharmacology
Path physiology I
Biomathematics
Human Genetics |
| Practical: |
Course of General Pharmacology and Toxicology
Course of Clinical Examination Methods
Course of Biomathematics
Microbiology/Virology/Immunology |
| 2nd clinical semester ( summer semester
) |
| Lectures: |
Path physiology II |
| Practical: |
Course of General Pathology
Course of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology
Course of Radiology including Radiation Protection
Course of First Medical Aid
Practical of Physical Examination and Semi logy
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First Part of
Medical Examination
Erster Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung
Clinical Part : Clinical-practical Part
3rd clinical semester ( winter semester ) |
| Lectures: |
Special Pathology
Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy |
| Practical: |
Course of Special Pathology
Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy
Ecological Course/Occupational Medicine
Ecological Course/Hygienic
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| 4th clinical semester ( summer semester
) |
| Lectures: |
Special Pharmacology and Toxicology
Dermatology and Dendrology
Internal Medicine
Neurology
Forensic Medicine
Ecological Course/Social Medicine
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| Practical: |
Course of Special Pharmacology
Dermato-Venereology
Neurology
Internal Medicine
Ecological Course/Forensic Medicine
Ecological Course/Social Medicine |
| 5th clinical semester (winter semester) |
| Lectures: |
Surgery
Gynecology and Obstetrics
Psychiatry |
| Practical: |
Introductory Course of Problems in General Medicine
Surgery
Psychiatrics
Gynecology and Obstetrics
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| 6th clinical semester ( summer semester
) |
| Lectures: |
Ophthalmology
Pediatrics
Urology
Orthopedics
Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
Dentistry and Oral Surgery
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| Practical: |
Ophthalmology
Pediatrics
Urology
Orthopedics
Oto-Rhino-Laryngology |
Second Part
of Medical Examination
Zweiter Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung
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| Practical Year |
September to end of December:
Surgery |
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January to end of April:
Internal Medicine |
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May to end of August:
Optional subject |
Third Part
of Medical Examination
Dritter Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung |
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End of University Studies |
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Arzt/Ärztin im Praktikum
( 18 months)
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