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FREE Studying Medicine(MBBS) in the Federal Republic of Germany

Students from non-EU states have to check it out, if their secondary Scholl. Leaving certificate is acknowledged as equivalent to the German general secondary school-leaving certificate. If not they have to attend the so-called Studienkolleg (a one year preparatory course with an assessment test (Feststellungsprüfung).

General Aspects

According to the Constitution the control of the health services in the Federal Republic of Germany is the task of state institutions. Highest authority is the government, represented by the Minister of Adolescents, Family, Women and Health ( Minister für Jug end, Familie, Frauen und Gesundheit ), which is assisted by the federal state governments, represented by the respective health ministers, which supervises the training in different medical and paramedical specialities.The different study courses lead to state examinations that have been laid down according the same regulations. In addition, this authority controls the whole of the health services in the Federal Republic of Germany. However, this principle includes that the individual has as much freedom as possible regarding medical studies. The fact that the course of medical studies is laid down in the Regulations for Registration (Approbationsordnung) for physicians leaves the universities with only very little possible flexibility as regards alterations and complementation of the curriculum.

In the 'Approbationsordnung' is laid down:
- that a minimum of six years of studies is compulsory. A minimum of 2 years of preclinical studies and a minimum of 4 years of clinical studies and training at a university institution is necessary.
- that after having finished the university studies an education period of at least 18 months as 'Arzt/Ärztin im Praktikum' (AiP) at an accredited hospital has to be completed.
- that after having met the two requirements above, or after having achieved equivalent, acknowledgeable results outside of the FRG any possible applicant of medicine from any of the EC Member States - if he/she has a good command of German, and is physically as well as mentally in good health and is no addict - may apply for registration (Approbation).
The health minister of the respective Federal State on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Health (Bundesgesundheitsministerium) reviews the applications. When the entitlement is available to the health minister of the Federal State the registration will be issued. The Registration entitles to practice medicine in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Medical examinations can be repeated twice.

Structuring of Medical Studies

According to the Regulations for Registration (Approbationsordnung) medical studies and training at university is subdivided into:
- A preclinical part of a minimum of 2 years of studies (4 half-year semesters) and
- A clinical part of a minimum of 4 years of studies (8 half-year semesters).

Preclinical parts

The preclinical part comprises the following compulsory courses:
1. Practical of Physics
2. Practical of Chemistry
3. Practical of Biology
4. Practical of Physiology
Seminar : Physiology
5. Course of Macroscopic Anatomy
Seminar : Anatomy
6. Course of Microscopic Anatomy
7. Practical of Biochemistry
Seminar : Biochemistry
8. Introduction to Clinical Medicine
9. Introduction to Medical Professions
10. Course of Medical Psychology
11. Course of Medical Terminology
12. Course of First Aid
13. Work as attendant in a hospital ( 2 months )

In addition to these courses systematic and supplementary lectures are held which are not compulsory, however, it is recommended to attend them. There is also an offer of additional supplementary and more detailed seminars, lectures and practical which are optional.
The student can enter for the preclinical examination (Ärztliche Vorprüfung)
at the respective examining board of the Federal State (Landesprüfungsamt) at Homburg when he/she has regularly attended and successfully completed all compulsory courses, has studied medicine for 4 semesters according to the regulations, and, in addition, when he/she has done a course of first aid as well as unpaid work as attendant in a hospital for two months.

Preclinical examination ( Ärztliche Vorprüfung, 'Physikum' )

The preclinical examination is divided into a written ( multiple choice questions ) and an oral part. The written test comprises all preclinical subjects, the oral part examines the field of anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, medical psychology and medical sociology.

Clinical Part

The clinical part takes 4 years (8 semesters) and is subdivided into:
- the clinical-theoretical part (duration: 1 year = 2 semesters),
- the clinical-practical part (duration: 2 years = 4 semesters) and
- the clinical Practical Year (Praktisches Jahr (PJ) ) lasting 1 year.

Clinical part: Clinical-theoretical part

The clinical-theoretical part comprises the following compulsory courses:
1. Course of General Pathology
2. Practical of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
3. Biomathematics
4. Course of General Clinical Examination in Non-operative and
Operative Medical Specialties
5. Practical of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology
6. Course of Radiology
7. Course of General Pharmacology and Toxicology
8. Practical of First Medical Aid

In addition to these courses systematic and supplementary lectures are given. These are not compulsory, yet, it is recommended to attend them. A number of more detailed, optional seminars, lectures and practical complement the offer.

First part of Medical Examination

In case the student has regularly attended all compulsory courses of the clinical-theoretical part, completed them with success and has studied clinical medicine for two semesters, he/she can enter for the first part of medical examinations (Erster Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung) at the examining board of the Federal State. The student has to take a written examination (Multiple choice test).

Clinical part: Clinical-practical part

The clinical-practical part comprises the following compulsory courses:
1. Course of Special Pathology
2. Course of Special Pharmacology
3. Practical of Internal Medicine
4. Practical of Pediatrics
5. Practical of Dermatology and Dendrology
6. Practical of Urology
7. Practical of Surgery
8. Practical of Gynecology and Obstetrics
9. Practical of Orthopedics
10. Practical of Ophthalmology
11. Practical of Oto-rhino-laryngology
12. Practical of Neurology
13. Practical of Psychiatry
14. Practical of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy
15. Course of Ecology ( Hygienic, Forensic Medicine, Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine )
16. Introductory Course to Problems of General Medicine
17. Practical of Emergency Medicine

Additionally, systematic and supplementary lectures that are not compulsory but are recommended to be attended will be offered. A number of more detailed and optional seminars, lectures and practical complement the offer.

Second part of Medical Examination

The student can enter for the second part of the medical examination (Zweiter Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung) at the examining board of the Federal State after having attended regularly all compulsory clinical courses mentioned above and after having completed them successfully, after having passed the first part of the clinical examinations, after having done an elective period in an accredited medical institution for 4 months, and after having studied clinical medicine for 6 semesters. The examination consists of a written (Multiple choice) and an oral part. When the student of medicine has passed the first and second part of the medical examination, he/she is entitled to do the Practical Year (Praktisches Jahr (PJ) ), i.e. to continue the training in a hospital.

Clinical Part : Practical Year ( 'PJ' )

The Practical Year ( Praktisches Jahr ) is divided into 3 parts:
- four months of work on a surgical ward
- four months of work on a ward of internal medicine
- four months of work on a ward of a specialty chosen by the candidate

Third part of Medical Examination

After the Practical Year, the student is entitled to enter for the third part of medical examination ( Dritter Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung ). This is an oral examination ( surgery, internal medicine, specialty chosen ).
If the student has passed all parts of clinical examinations, he/she is entitled to work as Arzt/Ärztin im Praktikum (AiP) for a period of 18 months. If he/she is not doing a doctorate, he/she has completed medical studies at university.
(If a medical doctorate is intended the ECTS-student has to consult the Departmental Coordinators for further information’s.)

Example of a Regular Course of Medical Studies at the University

In spite of the strict requirements of the Regulations for Registration (Approbationsordnung) it is quite possible to organize the different parts (preclinical part, clinical part/practical year) of the study course more freely at the University of Federal Republic of Germany. This implies that in cases where special problems arise individual arrangements within the bounds of possibility and after consultation with the Departmental Coordinators can be made.
The following text gives a short description of a regular course example of medical studies at the University of Federal Republic of Germany.

Preclinical Part

1st preclinical semester ( winter semester )

Lectures:

Practical:

2nd preclinical semester ( summer semester )

Lectures:

Practical:

3rd preclinical semester ( winter semester )

Lectures:

Practical:

4th preclinical semester ( summer semester )

Lectures:

Practical:

Preclinical Examination
Ärztliche Vorprüfung

Clinical Part : Clinical-theoretical Part

With the exception of the courses and lectures 'General Pharmacology' (only in the winter semester), and 'Special Pharmacology' (only in the summer semester) all other courses and lectures are offered both in winter and summer.

1st clinical semester ( winter semester )

Lectures:

Practical:

2nd clinical semester ( summer semester )

Lectures:

Path physiology II

Practical:

First Part of Medical Examination
Erster Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung

Clinical Part : Clinical-practical Part

3rd clinical semester ( winter semester )

Lectures:

Practical:

Lectures:

Practical:

5th clinical semester (winter semester)

Lectures:

Practical:

6th clinical semester ( summer semester )

Lectures:

Practical:

Second Part of Medical Examination
Zweiter Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung

Practical Year

September to end of December: Surgery

January to end of April: Internal Medicine

May to end of August: Optional subject

Third Part of Medical Examination
Dritter Abschnitt der Ärztlichen Prüfung

End of University Studies

Arzt/Ärztin im Praktikum ( 18 months )